Babylonic news from the shifting borders of Asia
Posts tagged "Migrant workers"
Labor ministers from 19 Asian and Middle Eastern countries should endorse protections for migrant workers and increase dialogue with civil society,Migrant Forum Asia and Human Rights Watch said today.
The ministers are meeting in Manila from April 17 to 19, 2012, as part of the second round of the Abu Dhabi Dialogue, an inter-regional consultation between labor-sending countries and labor-receiving countries on contractual migrant workers.

Labor-sending countries in the Abu Dhabi Dialogue include Afghanistan, Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Nepal, Pakistan, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam. Labor-receiving countries include Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. Japan, Malaysia, and South Korea will participate as observers. The first round of the Abu Dhabi Dialogue was hosted by the United Arab Emirates in 2008 and was an offshoot from the Colombo Process, a regional meeting of labor-sending countries.


The theme of this meeting is, “Sustaining Regional Cooperation Toward Improved Management of Labor Mobility in Asia.” Last week, organizers extended a few invitations to civil society representatives to observe some sessions but they will not be allowed to speak. Civil society will hold a parallel consultation process to discuss their recommendations for governments.

“Increased regional cooperation is essential for improving protection of migrant workers’ rights,” said William Gois, regional coordinator of Migrant Forum in Asia, a regional network of more than 200 migrants’ rights groups in Asia.”But as civil society, we want to know what is going on, we want to be part of the process, and we demand opportunities for genuine participation.”

The governments will discuss the draft for a “2012 Framework of Regional Collaboration of the Abu Dhabi Dialogue,” which would commit them to taking domestic, bilateral, and multilateral measures to increase the benefits of international labor migration. The draft is based on the input from the first dialogue and a meeting of senior officials in January. Preparatory documents for the conference include examples of best practices and recommendations on government oversight of four stages of migration: recruitment, employment abroad, preparation for return, and reintegration.

“The draft framework contains many positive elements that could help reduce recruitment-related exploitation and workplace abuse of contractual migrant workers,” said Nisha Varia, senior women’s rights researcher for Human Rights Watch. “But it should also call on governments to revise labor laws and immigration policies that contribute to abuse, especially the exclusion of domestic workers from labor codes and sponsorship systems that link a worker’s residency to his or her employer.”

Migrant workers play a key economic role. They fill labor demands in host countries and provide much-needed income for their own countries. In 2011, the World Bank estimates, Asian migrants sent home US$191 billion in remittances. Gulf countries in particular rely heavily on Asian contract labor; for example, there is approximately one migrant domestic worker for every two Kuwaiti citizens. Migrants from Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka have provided the labor for construction booms in Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Bahrain.

But many migrants are at high risk of abuse, the groups said. Domestic workers are excluded from basic labor protections such as a weekly rest day and limits to working hours. Many migrants have limited information about their rights and face abuses such as deception about their jobs, heavy debt burdens from excessive recruitment fees, unpaid wages, and hazardous work conditions. Limited access to redress means that some get trapped in situations of forced labor and trafficking.

Find out more here: http://www.trust.org/trustlaw/news/asiamiddle-east-increase-protections-for-migrant-workers? 

For a decade activists are campaigning for better working conditions for the more than 200,000 foreign domestic workers in Singapore. Now the government of the city state has decided that they must get a weekly day off from 1 January 2013. Transient Workers Count Too, a non-government organisation at the forefront of campaigning welcomed the move. However, the group urged the government to consider applying the new legislation to all domestic workers as the provision is limited only to those whose work permits are renewed or issued after January 2013. “Otherwise, there will be quite a significant population of domestic workers who will have to wait for a considerable amount of time before they have access to this basic labour right,” said the group’s speaker Noorashikin Abdul Rahman. In Hong Kong foreign domestic workers already enjoy a rest day each week.

In einem Interview mit der WOZ vom 23.2.2012 fordert die Schweizer SP-Nationalrätin Jaqueline Badran die Begrenzung des freien Zuzugs von Arbeitskräften, argumentiert dabei aber nicht ausländerfeindlich, sondern will die Arbeits- und Lebensbedingungen der MigrantInnen verbessern.

Da eine europäische Steuerharmonisierung derzeit nicht durchsetzbar sei, könne nur durch eine Kontingentierung der Drohung mit “Kapitalflucht” durch die Großunternehmen begegnet werden:

“Wir haben einen extremen innereuropäischen Steuerwettbewerb und unterschiedliche arbeitsmarktliche Systeme. So lange die Player auf dem Markt nicht gleich lange Spiesse haben, wird das Kapital immer die Bedingungen diktieren können, weil es immer mit dem Wegzug drohen kann. … Das funktioniert aber nur, solange die Personenfreizügigkeit da ist. Die können nicht gehen ohne Personenfreizügigkeit, die müssen ihre Leute mitnehmen, Kapital geht nicht einfach so. …
Fakt ist: Das Headquarter-Hopping findet statt. Wir haben jede Woche einen neuen Konzern, der seinen Hauptsitz in die Schweiz verlegt, weil die Konzerne hier Steuerregimes vorfinden, die für sie sehr profitabel sind. Das ist im gesamteuropäischen Kontext extrem unsolidarisch: Wir machen uns der Vernichtung des Steuersubstrats schuldig, das dann anderswo fehlt, und zementieren so das soziale Gefälle innerhalb Europas. …
Die europäische Bevölkerung wird zu mobilen Humankapitaleinheiten degradiert, die nach den Bedürfnissen der Konzerne herumgeschoben werden. Wenn wir als Linke Kontingente bei der Zuwanderung fordern, schaffen wir ein Gegendrohszenario zu dem des Grosskapitals, indem wir sagen: Wenn die bürgerliche Mehrheit nicht bereit ist, die Steuerregimes anzupassen, dann lassen wir nicht zu, dass ihre Klientel auf ausreichende Humanressourcen zurückgreifen kann. Wir drohen, den Lebensnerv dieses Sys­tems zu durchtrennen.”

Umfassende Bewegungsfreiheit führt nach Badrans Meinung vor allem zur Verschärfung des Lohndrucks und der Zunahme unfreiwilliger Migration:

“Die Linke sieht die Personenfreizügigkeit allzu gern als Konzept der freien Menschen in einer freien Welt und somit als Grundrecht. Noch so gerne hätte ich so eine Welt. Aber 95 Prozent der Migration ist unfreiwillig. Deshalb fordere ich eine Bekämpfung der Ursachen der Migration und nicht der negativen Symptome. Was die Linke heute mit den flankierenden Massnahmen tut, ist nur eins: die Kollateralschäden eines ausbeuterischen Systems verwalten. … Die SP, die Partei der gerechten Verteilung, sollte darauf bedacht sein, den Futtertrog, sprich: das Kapital, innerhalb von Europa zu verteilen, nicht die Menschen. …
Wir müssen aufhören mit der Mentalität, die besagt: «Der Markt holt die Leute, die er braucht, und wir kehren unten seine Opfer zusammen.» Was wir langfristig brauchen, ist ein globales Wirtschaftssystem ohne Wachstumszwang und damit einhergehend eine gerechte Verteilung von Einkommen, Vermögen und Chancen.”

Die Lebens- und Arbeitsbedingungen der nicht-organisierten, prekär beschäftigten, oder gar undokumentierten MigrantInnen stehen nicht im Mittelpunkt dieser Analyse. Sie gelten der Sozialdemokratin allenfalls als Folgeproblem:

“Bei der Migration aus wirtschaftlicher Gier geht es um Steuerdumping; bei der Migration aus wirtschaftlicher Not ist es das unerträgliche Reichtumsgefälle. … Und die Migration aus wirtschaftlicher Not ist nicht ausschliesslich – aber auch – eine Folge der Migration aus Gier: Wo ein Headquarter hinzieht, zieht das auch immer eine Folgemigra­tion nach sich. Irgend jemand muss denen ja ihre Hintern abwischen, ihre Häuser aufstellen, sie in den Spitälern pflegen. Diese Folgemigration macht die grosse Masse aus und verursacht erst die ganzen Engpässe – bei den Spitälern, in den Schulen, auf dem Wohnungsmarkt.”

I came across an interesting publication, recently published (Dec 2011) in the UK by Wai Yin Chinese Women’s Society and the Research Institute for Health Social Change: “Chinese Migrants: Their experiences in their own words”.


This short and illustrative publication asks what is life like for Chinese migrants who come to the UK by exploring:

  • what draws people from China to the UK,
  • how they come,
  • their experiences when they get here, 
  • how they build a new life…

 The short publication is available as a pdf file/e-book.  

 

The publication is part of a Joseph Rowntree Foundation research project on “Experiences of Forced Labour among Chinese migrant workers” in the UK. Based on interviews with 32 Chinese migrant workers, mostly working in Chinese catering and hospitality business, the report 

  • outlines patterns of migration for work from China to the UK, 
  • explores the complex relationship between migration, work and family,
  • reveals the range of exploitation 
  • considers what makes low-skilled migrant workers from China vulnerable to forced labour…
The research report can be viewed/downloaded here (e-book). 

In Oct 2011, Hong Kong’s High Court has ruled that a domestic worker from the Philippines should be allowed to apply for permanent residency in the city. 

The case was brought by Evangeline Banao Vallejos, who has worked for the same Hong Kong employer for more than 25 years. Until now, foreigners could apply for permanent residence after living legally in Hong Kong for 7 years; however, this did not apply to domestic workers. 

The ruling could lead to many migrant domestic workers in Hong Kong (estimates speak of 300.000 people, of whom around 1.000 have been living in HK for more than 7 years) winning rights to residency. 

You can listen to a short radio feature by Banyar Kong Janoi (Asia Calling) on why the case is so import to the lives of thousands of people here (radio1812 website). 

Asian Workers News is a monthly, free, English-language publication by the Korean NGO “Solidarity with Migrants” (SOMI, based in Busan) with regional and local news on developments, issues and events affecting migrants.   

The last issue (No. 295, Sept 2011), for example, included articles on

  • Night work and its implications for migrant workers (“Night work, let’s think about it”)
  • 7th Anniversary of Sapinako, a Busan-based Filipino community organisation (“Sapinako’s Double Celebration”)
  • Rights to organise and collective action of migrant workers in South Korea (“Court acknowledged rights to organise and collective action of MWs”)
  • Illegal employer practices in the workplace (“Penalty for using toilet - 5.000 Won for using it once & 10.000 Won for using it twice”)
  • Announcement of the 8th Asia Cultural Festival in Busan 
  • Counseling column 

You can view their online archive of previous newsletters here: http://fwr.jinbo.net/awn.html.

The archive contains newletters no. 272 to 291 (Feb 2010 to April 2011), but older and newer publications can be requested as pdf-versions by emailing noja@paran.com.   

The New York Times reports on the struggle to protect domestic workers, an overlooked group of 100 million people, many of them female migrant workers. Some progress has been made since an international treaty to protect domestic workers was signed in June 2011: a Hong Kong Court struck down a law that excluded domestic workers from residency rights, and regions and countries around the globe pass laws to establish the vital principles of the convention which human rights campaigners call a “watershed”. However, many migrant workers servicing in the households of the rich are still suffering from violence, abuse and exploitation.

On Friday 7 October eight Bangladeshi nationals were executed in Saudi Arabia, according to a report by Amnesty International. The migrant workers were beheaded in public. They were sentenced to death for the alleged murder of an Egyptian man in April 2007. Since the end of the holy month of Ramadan executions have resumed in Saudi Arabia at an alarming rate. The recent beheadings bring the number of executions in this year to at least 58. Twenty of those executed in 2011 were foreign nationals, mostly migrant workers from poor and developing countries who often have no defence lawyer and are unable to follow court proceedings in Arabic.

Der philippinische Aktivist Michel Catuira, Vorsitzender der südkoreanischen Migrantengewerkschaft (MTU), hatte vor Gericht Einspruch gegen seine geplante Ausweisung eingelegt. Am 15. September 2011 urteilte das Verwaltungsgericht Seoul, Bestrebungen der koreanischen Einwanderungsbehörde, Catuira aus Südkorea auszuweisen, seien mit südkoreanischen Rechtsgrundsätzen und international verbrieften Menschenrechten unvereinbar. Die Einwanderungsbehörde legte nun Berufung ein und lehnt es weiterhin ab, Catuiras Antrag auf Verlängerung seines Visums stattzugeben. Amnesty International ruft daher nun zu einer Urgent Action auf.

Der Sachverständigenrat deutscher Stiftungen für Integration und Migration plädiert für bilaterale Pilotprogramme zur “zirkulären Migration”. Der Unterschied zu den “Gastarbeiter”- Programmen von früher liegt dabei im Detail. So sollen die Migranten bereits eine Berufsausbildung mitbringen und nicht erst in Deutschland angelernt werden. Entwicklungsminister Dirk Niebel (FDP) begrüßte die “befristete und oft mehrfache Wanderung zwischen mehreren Ländern”.